MicroRNA-495 attenuates proliferation and inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes through attenuating β-catenin pathway

MicroRNA-495 attenuates proliferation and inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes through attenuating β-catenin pathway

Fibroblast like synoviocytes (FLSs) exert important effects in the occurrence and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MicroRNA-495 (miR-495) can regulate growth behavior of many cell types. Nevertheless, the role of miR-495 is still unclear in RA-FLS. We aim to explore the role and molecular mechanism of miR-495 in RA. The FLSs and synovial tissue from normal and RA cases were used in this study. RT-PCR analysis was used to test the expression of miR-495. Western blot assay was performed to determine the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and β-catenin.

Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) tests were performed to determine the proliferation of RA-FLS in the different treatment groups. The results showed that miR-495 down-regulated in the synovial tissue and RA-RA-FLSs. Overexpression of miR-495 can inhibit RA-FLS proliferation and inflammatory factor interleukin (IL) -6, IL-11 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and the lower the protein expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2. In addition, miR-495 could negatively regulates the expression of β-catenin in RA-FLSs.

We also confirmed that the role of inhibition of miR-495 in RA-FLS is through the regulation of β-catenin expression. Taken together, miR-495 is downregulated in RA-FLS and RA synovial tissue, and miR-495 inhibits proliferation and the inflammatory response in RA-FLS, partly through regulating the expression of β-catenin. The miR-495 / β-catenin signaling pathway may serve as a new therapeutic target for RA.
mir-483-3p was upregulated in RA, which is explicitly promoted cell proliferation, induction of the transition phase G0 / G1-to-S, and suppressed apoptosis in RA FLSs, whereas silencing of miR-483-3p produce the opposite result.

In addition, insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is detected as a direct target of miR-483-3p. IGF-1 silencing partially restored cell proliferation, the transition phase G0 / G1-to-S, and suppression of apoptosis in RA FLSs through inhibition of miR-483-3p. Our results show that miR-483-3p RA FLSs promote proliferation by targeting the IGF-1, indicating a potential strategy for diagnostic and treatment strategies for RA.

 MicroRNA-495 attenuates proliferation and inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes through attenuating β-catenin pathway
MicroRNA-495 attenuates proliferation and inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes through attenuating β-catenin pathway

MicroRNA-15a / 16 / SOX5 axis promotes migration, invasion and the inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast like synoviocytes

Fibroblast like synoviocytes (FLSs) is a key effector cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and featuring aggressive tumor phenotype is unique with exceptional hyperplasia, increased cell migration and invasion. How FLSs experiencing this change in RA remains unknown. We previously reported a novel function of transcription factors in RA SOX5-FLSs that promote cell migration and invasion.

In this study, we found that miR-15a / 16 directly target and suppress the expression of the 3’UTR SOX5 SOX5. In addition, miR-15a / 16 was significantly down-regulated in RA-FLSs, which is negatively correlated with the expression SOX5. Transfection with miR-15a / 16 mimic the RA-FLSs cell migration inhibiting, invasion, IL-1β and TNF expression. SOX5 expression in RA-FLSs decreased miR-15a / 16 expression and rescue miR-15a / 16-mediated inhibitory effect.

Human oxalic acid(OA)ELISA Kit

QY-E04061 96T
EUR 433.2

Human Oleic Acid(OA) ELISA Kit

YLA0348HU-48T 48T
EUR 435

Human Oleic Acid(OA) ELISA Kit

YLA0348HU-96T 96T
EUR 562.5

Human oxalic acid ,OA ELISA Kit

YLA0378HU-48T 48T
EUR 435

Human oxalic acid ,OA ELISA Kit

YLA0378HU-96T 96T
EUR 562.5

H2-Oa Recombinant Protein (Mouse)

RP140741 100 ug Ask for price

Human CD3+ T Cells (Pan T Cells), Cryopreserved

M1299-10 each Ask for price

Human CD3+ T Cells (Pan T Cells), Cryopreserved

M1299-20 each Ask for price

Human CD3+ T Cells (Pan T Cells), Cryopreserved

M1299-30 each Ask for price

Human CD3+ T Cells (Pan T Cells), Cryopreserved

M1299-40 each Ask for price

H2-Oa ORF Vector (Mouse) (pORF)

ORF046915 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 607.2

Octopamine (OA) Polyclonal Antibody (Pan-species)

4-PAG048Ge01
  • EUR 290.40
  • EUR 2932.80
  • EUR 732.00
  • EUR 364.80
  • EUR 254.40
  • 100ul
  • 10ml
  • 1ml
  • 200ul
  • 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pan-species Octopamine (OA)

Rat oxalic acid(OA)ELISA Kit

QY-E10561 96T
EUR 433.2

Mouse oxalic acid(OA)ELISA Kit

QY-E21128 96T
EUR 433.2

1000ug/mL Acetochlor OA in Acetonitrile

S-4631 1ML
EUR 178.98

Rat oxalic acid(OA)ELISA Kit

YLA0055RA-48T 48T
EUR 465

Rat oxalic acid(OA)ELISA Kit

YLA0055RA-96T 96T
EUR 600

H2-Oa sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector set (Mouse)

K3135101 3 x 1.0 ug
EUR 406.8

Octopamine (OA) Polyclonal Antibody (Pan-species), APC

4-PAG048Ge01-APC
  • EUR 406.80
  • EUR 3822.00
  • EUR 1068.00
  • EUR 517.20
  • EUR 259.20
  • 100ul
  • 10ml
  • 1ml
  • 200ul
  • 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pan-species Octopamine (OA). This antibody is labeled with APC.

Octopamine (OA) Polyclonal Antibody (Pan-species), Biotinylated

4-PAG048Ge01-Biotin
  • EUR 368.40
  • EUR 2872.80
  • EUR 853.20
  • EUR 448.80
  • EUR 260.40
  • 100ul
  • 10ml
  • 1ml
  • 200ul
  • 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pan-species Octopamine (OA). This antibody is labeled with Biotin.

Octopamine (OA) Polyclonal Antibody (Pan-species), Cy3

4-PAG048Ge01-Cy3
  • EUR 492.00
  • EUR 5046.00
  • EUR 1374.00
  • EUR 639.60
  • EUR 296.40
  • 100ul
  • 10ml
  • 1ml
  • 200ul
  • 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pan-species Octopamine (OA). This antibody is labeled with Cy3.

Octopamine (OA) Polyclonal Antibody (Pan-species), FITC

4-PAG048Ge01-FITC
  • EUR 349.20
  • EUR 3081.60
  • EUR 878.40
  • EUR 436.80
  • EUR 231.60
  • 100ul
  • 10ml
  • 1ml
  • 200ul
  • 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pan-species Octopamine (OA). This antibody is labeled with FITC.

Octopamine (OA) Polyclonal Antibody (Pan-species), HRP

4-PAG048Ge01-HRP
  • EUR 372.00
  • EUR 3332.40
  • EUR 945.60
  • EUR 468.00
  • EUR 244.80
  • 100ul
  • 10ml
  • 1ml
  • 200ul
  • 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pan-species Octopamine (OA). This antibody is labeled with HRP.

Octopamine (OA) Polyclonal Antibody (Pan-species), PE

4-PAG048Ge01-PE
  • EUR 349.20
  • EUR 3081.60
  • EUR 878.40
  • EUR 436.80
  • EUR 231.60
  • 100ul
  • 10ml
  • 1ml
  • 200ul
  • 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pan-species Octopamine (OA). This antibody is labeled with PE.

H2-Oa sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 1)

K3135102 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 184.8

H2-Oa sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 2)

K3135103 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 184.8

H2-Oa sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 3)

K3135104 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 184.8

Octopamine (OA) Polyclonal Antibody (Pan-species), APC-Cy7

4-PAG048Ge01-APC-Cy7
  • EUR 669.60
  • EUR 7500.00
  • EUR 1992.00
  • EUR 890.40
  • EUR 375.60
  • 100ul
  • 10ml
  • 1ml
  • 200ul
  • 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pan-species Octopamine (OA). This antibody is labeled with APC-Cy7.

H2-Oa Protein Vector (Mouse) (pPB-C-His)

PV187658 500 ng
EUR 723.6

H2-Oa Protein Vector (Mouse) (pPB-N-His)

PV187659 500 ng
EUR 723.6

H2-Oa Protein Vector (Mouse) (pPM-C-HA)

PV187660 500 ng
EUR 723.6

H2-Oa Protein Vector (Mouse) (pPM-C-His)

PV187661 500 ng
EUR 723.6

H2-Oa 3'UTR Luciferase Stable Cell Line

TU109300 1.0 ml Ask for price

H2-Oa 3'UTR GFP Stable Cell Line

TU159300 1.0 ml Ask for price

H2-Oa sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 All-in-One Lentivector set (Mouse)

K3135105 3 x 1.0 ug
EUR 451.2

H2-Oa sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 All-in-One Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 1)

K3135106 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 200.4

H2-Oa sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 All-in-One Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 2)

K3135107 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 200.4

H2-Oa sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 All-in-One Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 3)

K3135108 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 200.4

Human CellExp? Human CD40/ TNFRSF5, Human recombinant

9230-10 each
EUR 333.6

Human CellExp? Human CD40/ TNFRSF5, Human recombinant

9230-50 each
EUR 868.8

Human-to-Human Blocking Reagent

HTH008 8 ml
EUR 91.2

Human-to-Human Blocking Reagent

HTH015 15 ml
EUR 99.6

Human-to-Human Blocking Reagent

HTH100 100 ml
EUR 294

Human CellExp? Progranulin, Human Recombinant

4738-10 each
EUR 366

Human CellExp? Progranulin, Human Recombinant

4738-100 each
EUR 2727.6

Human CellExp? Renin, Human Recombinant

6300-10 each
EUR 196.8

Human CellExp? Renin, Human Recombinant

6300-100 each
EUR 940.8

Human CellExp? Renin, Human Recombinant

6300-50 each
EUR 601.2

Human CellExp? EPO, Human Recombinant

6447-10 each
EUR 646.8

Human CellExp? EPO, Human Recombinant

6447-50 each
EUR 2017.2

Human CellExp? HGF, Human Recombinant

6456-10 each
EUR 464.4

Human CellExp? HGF, Human Recombinant

6456-50 each
EUR 1677.6

Human CellExp? HGH, Human Recombinant

6457-10 each
EUR 405.6

Human CellExp? HGH, Human Recombinant

6457-50 each
EUR 1455.6

Human CellExp? Noggin, Human Recombinant

6474-10 each
EUR 360

Human CellExp? Noggin, Human Recombinant

6474-50 each
EUR 1286.4

Human CellExp? SCF, Human Recombinant

6478-10 each
EUR 411.6

Human CellExp? SCF, Human Recombinant

6478-50 each
EUR 1599.6

Human CellExp? TPO, Human Recombinant

6483-10 each
EUR 438

Human CellExp? TPO, Human Recombinant

6483-50 each
EUR 2376

Human CellExp? sCD14, Human Recombinant

7122-10 each
EUR 170.4

Human CellExp? sCD14, Human Recombinant

7122-50 each
EUR 430.8

Human CellExp? Thrombomodulin, Human Recombinant

7215-10 each
EUR 288

Human CellExp? Thrombomodulin, Human Recombinant

7215-50 each
EUR 1032

Human CellExp? BAFF, human recombinant

7222-10 each
EUR 307.2

Human CellExp? SHH, human recombinant

7223-10 each
EUR 255.6

Human CellExp? EGF, human recombinant

7228-10 each
EUR 352.8

Human CellExp? ADAM12, human recombinant

7239-10 each
EUR 307.2

Human CellExp? DKK3, human recombinant

7243-50 each
EUR 411.6

Human CellExp? SPAM1, human recombinant

7247-10 each
EUR 470.4

Human CellExp? SPAM1, human recombinant

7247-50 each
EUR 1396.8

Human CellExp? UPA, human recombinant

7248-10 each
EUR 398.4

Human CellExp? UPA, human recombinant

7248-50 each
EUR 1324.8

Human CellExp? Furin, human recombinant

7249-10 each
EUR 548.4

Human CellExp? GAD1, human recombinant

7250-10 each
EUR 379.2

Human CellExp? PCSK9, human recombinant

7265-20 each
EUR 489.6

Human CellExp? LIF, human recombinant

7267-10 each
EUR 464.4

Human CellExp? CD36, human recombinant

7371-10 each
EUR 294

Human CellExp? CD36, human recombinant

7371-50 each
EUR 836.4

Human CellExp? CD80, human recombinant

7383-10 each
EUR 280.8

Human CellExp? CD80, human recombinant

7383-50 each
EUR 810

Human CellExp? CD47, human recombinant

7385-10 each
EUR 333.6

Human CellExp? TNFRII, human recombinant

7394-10 each
EUR 307.2

Human CellExp? SERPIND1, human recombinant

7411-10 each
EUR 346.8

Human CellExp? VTCN1, human recombinant

7412-10 each
EUR 294

Human CellExp? VTCN1, human recombinant

7412-50 each
EUR 836.4

Human CellExp? CD23, human recombinant

7435-10 each
EUR 314.4

Human CellExp? CD23, human recombinant

7435-50 each
EUR 861.6

Human CellExp? TIMP1, human recombinant

7440-10 each
EUR 366

Human CellExp? EPHB4, human recombinant

7451-100 each
EUR 861.6

Human CellExp? EPHB4, human recombinant

7451-20 each
EUR 326.4

Human CellExp? TFPI, human recombinant

7453-10 each
EUR 339.6

Human CellExp? CD147, human recombinant

7455-10 each
EUR 294

Human CellExp? CD147, human recombinant

7455-50 each
EUR 836.4

Human CellExp? CD155, human recombinant

7462-10 each
EUR 294

Human CellExp? CD155, human recombinant

7462-50 each
EUR 836.4

Human CellExp? VLDLR, human recombinant

7464-10 each
EUR 294

Human CellExp? VLDLR, human recombinant

7464-50 each
EUR 836.4

Human CellExp? CADM1, human recombinant

7465-10 each
EUR 294

Human CellExp? CADM1, human recombinant

7465-50 each
EUR 836.4

Human CellExp? Transferrin, human recombinant

7467-100 each
EUR 901.2

Human CellExp? Transferrin, human recombinant

7467-20 each
EUR 333.6

Human CellExp? FOLR2, human recombinant

7471-10 each
EUR 280.8

Human CellExp? FOLR2, human recombinant

7471-50 each
EUR 802.8

Human CellExp? LDLR, human recombinant

7472-10 each
EUR 360

Human CellExp? LDLR, human recombinant

7472-50 each
EUR 992.4

Human CellExp? TFPI2, human recombinant

7481-10 each
EUR 360

Human CellExp? RBP4, human recombinant

7563-10 each
EUR 373.2

Human CellExp? RBP4, human recombinant

7563-50 each
EUR 1038

Human CellExp? UNC5B, human recombinant

7576-10 each
EUR 326.4

Human CellExp?CD4, human recombinant

7834-100 each
EUR 861.6

Human CellExp?CD4, human recombinant

7834-20 each
EUR 320.4

Human CellExp? TIGIT, human recombinant

8015-10 each
EUR 418.8

Human CellExp? Azurocidin, human recombinant

8017-20 each
EUR 320.4

Human CellExp? CD163, Human recombinant

9226-10 each
EUR 366

Human CellExp? CD163, Human recombinant

9226-50 each
EUR 927.6

Human CellExp? BTLA, Human recombinant

9228-10 each
EUR 346.8

Human CellExp? BTLA, Human recombinant

9228-50 each
EUR 882

Human CellExp? CD28, Human recombinant

9237-10 each
EUR 268.8

Human CellExp? CD28, Human recombinant

9237-100 each
EUR 868.8

Human CellExp? CD19, Human recombinant

9246-10 each
EUR 320.4

Human CellExp? CD19, Human recombinant

9246-25 each
EUR 548.4

Human CellExp? CD38, human recombinant

P1014-10 each
EUR 248.4

Human CellExp? CD38, human recombinant

P1014-50 each
EUR 574.8

Human CellExp? CD45, human recombinant

P1015-10 each
EUR 301.2

Human CellExp? CD45, human recombinant

P1015-25 each
EUR 548.4

Human CellExp? VSIG4, human recombinant

P1018-10 each
EUR 248.4

Human CellExp? VSIG4, human recombinant

P1018-50 each
EUR 574.8

Human CellExp? TrkA, human recombinant

P1020-10 each
EUR 210

Human CellExp? NOV, human recombinant

P1022-10 each
EUR 235.2

Human CellExp? NOV, human recombinant

P1022-25 each
EUR 352.8

Human CellExp? EGFRvIII, human recombinant

P1082-10 each
EUR 339.6

Human CellExp? LOXL2, human recombinant

P1084-10 each
EUR 183.6

Human CellExp? LOXL2, human recombinant

P1084-50 each
EUR 639.6

Human CellExp? CD83, Human recombinant

P1109-10 each
EUR 157.2

Human CellExp? CD83, Human recombinant

P1109-50 each
EUR 483.6

Human CellExp? CD160, human recombinant

P1110-10 each
EUR 170.4

Human CellExp? CD160, human recombinant

P1110-50 each
EUR 470.4

Human CellExp? CNDP1, Human recombinant

P1125-10 each
EUR 248.4

Human CellExp? CNDP1, Human recombinant

P1125-50 each
EUR 1005.6

Human CellExp? VAPB, Human recombinant

P1135-10 each
EUR 157.2

Human CellExp? VAPB, Human recombinant

P1135-50 each
EUR 444

Human CellExp? Transthyretin, Human recombinant

P1138-20 each
EUR 222

Human CellExp? Transthyretin, Human recombinant

P1138-50 each
EUR 470.4

Human CellExp? Sclerostin, human recombinant

P1145-10 each
EUR 183.6

Human CellExp? Sclerostin, human recombinant

P1145-50 each
EUR 639.6

Human CellExp? SLITRK6, human recombinant

P1146-10 each
EUR 170.4

Human CellExp? SLITRK6, human recombinant

P1146-50 each
EUR 535.2

Human CellExp? LILRB2, human recombinant

P1147-10 each
EUR 157.2

Human CellExp? LILRB2, human recombinant

P1147-50 each
EUR 483.6

Human CellExp? ROR1, human recombinant

P1152-10 each
EUR 170.4

Human CellExp? ROR1, human recombinant

P1152-50 each
EUR 535.2

Human CellExp? DLL3, Human Recombinant

P1165-10 each
EUR 679.2

Human CellExp? DLK1, Human Recombinant

P1166-10 each
EUR 666

Human CellExp? PTPRD, Human Recombinant

P1184-10 each
EUR 183.6

Human CellExp? PTPRD, Human Recombinant

P1184-50 each
EUR 614.4

Human CellExp? KRAS, Human Recombinant

P1198-10 each
EUR 170.4

Human CellExp? KRAS, Human Recombinant

P1198-1000 each
EUR 3184.8

Human CellExp? KRAS, Human Recombinant

P1198-250 each
EUR 1070.4

Human CellExp? KRAS, Human Recombinant

P1198-50 each
EUR 314.4

Human CellExp? Hemopexin, Human Recombinant

P1210-10 each
EUR 235.2

Human CellExp? Hemopexin, Human Recombinant

P1210-50 each
EUR 796.8

Human CellExp? ECE1, Human Recombinant

P1227-10 each
EUR 301.2

Human CellExp? ECE1, Human Recombinant

P1227-50 each
EUR 1214.4

Human CellExp? CD8b, Human Recombinant

P1244-10 each
EUR 288

Human CellExp? CD8b, Human Recombinant

P1244-1000 each Ask for price

Human CellExp? CD8b, Human Recombinant

P1244-250 each Ask for price

Human CellExp? CD8b, Human Recombinant

P1244-50 each
EUR 966

Human CellExp? ROR2, Human Recombinant

P1254-10 each
EUR 274.8

Human CellExp? VEGF110, Human Recombinant

P1258-10 each
EUR 574.8

Human CellExp? Prolactin, Human Recombinant

P1311-10 each
EUR 183.6

Human CellExp? Prolactin, Human Recombinant

P1311-250 each Ask for price

Human CellExp? Prolactin, Human Recombinant

P1311-50 each
EUR 288

Human CellExp? Dermatopontin, Human Recombinant

P1319-10 each
EUR 405.6

Human CellExp? CD177, Human Recombinant

P1410-10 each
EUR 183.6

Human CellExp? CD177, Human Recombinant

P1410-50 each
EUR 470.4

Human CellExp? PM20D1, Human Recombinant

P1430-10 each
EUR 483.6

Human CellExp? DLL3, Human Recombinant

P1463-10 each
EUR 202.8

Human CellExp? DLL3, Human Recombinant

P1463-50 each
EUR 601.2

Human CellExp? Properdin, Human Recombinant

P1470-10 each
EUR 196.8

Human CellExp? Properdin, Human Recombinant

P1470-50 each
EUR 574.8

Human CellExp™ TPBG, Human Recombinant

P1553-10 10 µg
EUR 211.2

Human CellExp™ TPBG, Human Recombinant

P1553-50 50 µg
EUR 576

Human CellExp™ PON1, Human Recombinant

P1556-10 10 µg
EUR 187.2

Human CellExp™ PON1, Human Recombinant

P1556-50 50 µg
EUR 661.2

Human, CD300C Human Recombinant Protein, Sf9

PROTQ08708-1 Regular: 5ug
EUR 380.4
Description: CD300C Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 163 amino acids (29-183a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 18kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 28-40 kDa). CD300C is expressed with an 8 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Human, Noggin Human Recombinant Protein, HEK

PROTQ13253 Regular: 10ug
EUR 380.4
Description: Noggin Human Recombinant produced in HEK cells is a glycosylated homodimer, having a total molecular weight of 65kDa.;The Noggin is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Human, Noggin Human Recombinant Protein, Sf9

PROTQ13253-2 Regular: 5ug
EUR 380.4
Description: Noggin produced in Sf9 Insect cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 211 amino acids (28-232a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 23.8kDa. (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 28-40kDa).; Noggin is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Human, SLAMF1 Human Recombinant Protein, Sf9

PROTQ13291-1 Regular: 10ug
EUR 380.4
Description: SLAMF1 Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 226 amino acids (21-237a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 25.3kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 28-40kDa).;SLAMF1 is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Human, Periostin Human Recombinant Protein, HEK

PROTQ15063-1 Regular: 10ug
EUR 380.4
Description: Periostin Human Recombinant produced in HEK cells is a single, glycosylated, polypeptide chain (Asn22-Gln836) containing a total of 821 amino acids, having a calculated molecular mass of 91.8kDa and fused to a 6 aa His tag at C-Terminus.

Furthermore, RA patients with low baseline serum miR-15a / 16 levels now the poor response of the 3-month disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) therapy. Collectively, these studies revealed that miR-15a / 16 / SOX5 axis serves as the main driver of RA-FLSs invasion, migration and inflammatory responses in each negative feedback and correlated with treatment response to DMARDs in RA.

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